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ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Technical modifications in the surgery of supravalvar aortic stenosis

Magaly Arrais dos SantosI; Pedro R SalernoI; Márcia M CapellariI; Ieda B. Jatene BosísioI; Marcelo B JateneI; Fábio B JateneI; Maria Virgínia T SantanaII; Paulo P PaulistaII; Valmir F FontesIII; Adib D JateneI; Luiz Carlos Bento de SouzaIII

DOI: 10.1590/S0102-76381996000400010

ABSTRACT

A technical modification in the surgery of supravalvar aortic stenosis has been developed since October 1991 to December 1995, without using artificial grafts, but only healthy tissue of the ascending aorta thus permitting a suitable enlargement of the aortic root. The aim of this technique is to avoid complications of re-estenosis of aortic root in the late evolution of patientes submitted to surgical treatment of localized supravalvar aortic stenosis which was provoked by calcification and hardening of prosthetic material used for the enlargement of one or more Valsalva sinuses, with or whitout transversal section of the aorta. Ten patients underwent a surgery in this meantime, with clinical and hemodynamic diagnosis of localized supravalvar aortic stenosis. Their ages varied from 11 months to 38 years (mean = 13.2 years), the weight varied from 7.500 kg to 56 kg (mean = 29.1 kg), and the height varied from 72 cm to 1.68 m (mean = 1.5 m). Six of these patients were male. Three of them were asymptomatic; 4 had dyspnea, 2 were tired at efforts, 2 had palpitations, 1 had paresthesia in the lower limbs, and 1 cyanosis at crying; 6 of them bore Williams syndrome. The systolic gradient between free cavity of left ventricle and aorta varied from 50 to 100 mmHg (mean = 73.5).The patients were operated on with extracorporeal circulation, moderate hypothermia, crystalloid cardioplegia in the 7 first cases and bloody cardioplegia in the 3 last ones. The ascending aorta was widely dissected till the supra-aortic vessels. After the aorta total transection and the resection of the stenosis f ibrotic tissue, longitudinal incisions were performed at the edge of the aortic proximal portion till the bottom of the Valsalva sinuses. Next to it, longitudinal incisions were performed in the distal portion, in the regions corresponding to the comissural points, in such a way that each stretching of the distal aorta may widen a bottom of Valsalva sinus, in this way obtaining an aortic root with an anatomic aspect and regular sizes. Presently, no death has occurred in a post-operative period from 3 months to 4 years and 5 months. All the patients are asymptomatic, having a satisfactory evolution, checked by Doppler Echocardiogram, Magnetic Nuclear Ressonance and Hemodynamic study. These results allow us to conclude that this technique is suitable to the surgical correction of the localized supravalvar aortic stenosis, by the point of not using artificial grafts and accomplishing the aorta suture in a sinusoidal line, avoiding reestenosis.

RESUMO

Com o objetivo de evitar complicações de reestenose da aorta na evolução tardia dos pacientes submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico da estenose supravalvar aórtica localizada, provocada por calcificação e enrijecimento de material protético utilizado para ampliação de um ou mais seios de Valsalva, com ou sem secção transversal da aorta, desenvolvemos, de outubro de 1991 a dezembro de 1995, uma modificação técnica, que, sem utilização de enxertos artificiais, apenas com tecido sadio da aorta ascendente, permite ampliação adequada da porção inicial da aorta. Neste período, foram operados 10 pacientes, com diagnóstico clínico e hemodinâmico de estenose supravalvar aórtica localizada. As idades variaram de 11 meses a 38 anos (m = 13,2 anos), o peso variou de 7,500 kg a 56 kg (m = 29,1 kg) e a altura variou de 72 cm a 1,68 m (m = 1,5 m). Seis pacientes eram do sexo masculino. Três eram assintomáticos, 4 tinham dispnéia, 2 cansaço aos esforços, 2 palpitações, 1 parestesia de membros inferiores e 1 cianose ao choro. Seis pacientes eram portadores de síndrome de Williams. O gradiente sistólico entre a cavidade livre do ventrículo esquerdo e aorta variou de 50 mmHg a 100 mmHg (m = 73,5). Os pacientes foram operados com auxílio de circulação extracorpórea, hipotermia moderada, cardioplegia cristalóide, nos 7 primeiros casos, e cardioplegia sangüínea nos 3 últimos. A aorta ascendente foi amplamente dissecada até os vasos da base. Após a transecção total da aorta e ressecção do tecido fibrótico estenosante, realizamos incisões longitudinais do bordo da porção proximal da aorta até o fundo dos seios de Valsalva; a seguir, foram feitas incisões longitudinais na porção distai, nas regiões correspondentes aos postes comissurais, de maneira que cada prolongamento da aorta distai ampliasse um fundo de seio de Valsalva, obtendo uma aorta inicial de aspecto anatômico e dimensões normais.Atualmente, com um período pós-operatório de 3 meses a 4 anos e 5 meses, não houve óbito; todos os pacientes estão assintomáticos, evoluindo satisfatoriamente, sem gradiente entre a cavidade livre do ventrículo esquerdo e aorta ascendente, conforme ecocardiograma, Doppler, ressonância nuclear magnética e estudo hemodinâmico. Estes resultados nos permitem concluir ser esta técnica adequada para a correção cirúrgica da estenose supravalvar aórtica localizada, por não utilizar enxertos artificiais e realizar a sutura da aorta em uma linha sinusoidal, evitando, assim, reestenose.
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