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ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Pharmacological protection of the ischemic spinal cord

Albert Amin Sader; Joaquim Coutinho Netto; João José Lachat; José Eduardo de Salles Roselino; Flávio José Ballerini

DOI: 10.1590/S0102-76381996000200008

ABSTRACT

Ketamine (30 mg/kg, IV) and chlorpromazine (2mg/kg, IV) were evaluated as pharmacological agents, for protection of the ischemic spinal cord in a rat model. A thirty-minute period of ischemia obtained by occlusion of the proximal descending thoracic aorta was followed by reperfusion. In 70 animals (medium weght-380g) distributed in 7 equal groups, the results regarding the complete motor and sensitivity function recovery were as follows: 1) Sham-operation: 100%; 2) Ischemia-reperfusion: 0%; 3) Ketamine, 1 minute before ischemia: 30%; 4) Ketamine, 10 minutes before ischemia: 50%; 5) Chlorpromazine, 1 minute before isquemia: 50%; 6) Chlorpromazine, 1 minute before reperfusion: 10%; 7) Ketamine+chlorpromazine, 1 minute before ischemia: 60%. Both pharmacological agents were effective in the protection of the ischemic spinal cord, as confirmed by the microscopic study. However, comparison of several groups showed statistical significant difference for groups 6 and 7, only. Perfusion of the subarachnoid space revealed excessive amounts of neuro-excitatories amino-acids, L-aspartate and L-glutamate.

RESUMO

Estudou-se a ação protetora da quetamina (30mg/kg, EV) e da clorpromazina (2mg/kg, EV), sobre a medula espinal de ratos Wistar, submetida à isquemia de 30 min, por oclusão da aorta torácica, seguida de reperfusão. Em 70 animais, com peso médio de 380g, divididos em 7 grupos iguais, obtiveram-se os seguintes resultados porcentuais referentes à integral recuperação sensitivo-motora: 1) "Sham-operation": 100%; 2) isquemia-reperfusão: 0%; 3) quetamina, 1 min antes da isquemia: 30%; 4) quetamina, 10 min antes da isquemia: 50%; 5) clorpromazina, 1 min antes da isquemia: 50%; 6) clorpromazina, 1 min antes da reperfusão: 10%; 7) quetamina + clorpromazina, 1 min antes da isquemia: 60%. Tanto a quetamina quanto a clorpromazina protegeram parte dos animais cuja medula espinal fora submetida à isquemia-reperfusão. Contudo, ao se comparar os animais protegidos, as diferenças de resultados só alcançaram significância estatística entre os grupos 6 e 7. O estudo histológico, por microscopia óptica, confirmou a ação protetora de ambos os agentes farmacológicos. A perfusão do espaço subaracnóideo dos animais cuja medula espinal fora submetida à isquemia-reperfusão demonstrou quantidade excessiva dos aminoácidos neuroexcitadores, L-aspartato e L-glutamato.
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